1.0 原理:
利用具特殊专一性之primers,经由PCR反应来复制mycoplasmaDNA。所用之primers来自mycoplasma之conserved16S-23SrRNA序列,由于此段spacer之序列依mycoplsma种类不同而不同,因此可依所复制之DNA大小及其restrictionfragment大小差异来作侦测与鉴定。
1.1 特点:
1.1.1 灵敏(e.g. 0.1~1.6 CFU / 5 ul sample) 与快速(一天)。
1.1.2 可侦测不易培养之mycoplasma (e.g. M. hyorhinis)。
1.1.3 不需培养mycoplasma作为正反应对照组,避免可能之污染。
1.2 缺点︰
1.2.1 PCR反应很灵敏,易有伪阳性结果。
1.2.2 此方法尚在评估中,故结果仅作为参考和内部品管之一部份。
2.0 材料与设备:
2.1 ATCC mycoplasma detection kit:
2.1.1 可作50~100 reactions.
2.1.2 提供1st stage primer mixture与2nd stage primer mixture
2.1.3 positive control DNA (A. laidlawii ; M. pirum)
2.2 PCR reagents :
2.2.1 Taq polymerase ( 5 U / ul )
2.2.2 dNTP( dGTP, dCTP, dTTP, dATP, 1.25 mM each )
2.2.3 10x PCR buffer (with 1.5mM MgCl2)
2.2.4 25mM MgCl2
2.2.5 sterile ddH2O
2.3 Machine / Equipment :
2.3.1 PCR thermal cycler
2.3.2 agarose电泳设备
2.3.3 DNA电泳胶体观察设备
2.3.4 手套
2.3.5 无菌PCR反应管
2.3.6 无菌1.5 ml微量离心管
2.3.7 无菌2ul, 20ul, 200ul, 1000ul Tips/ Pipetmans
3.0 方法:
此PCR反应是一种nested PCR,包括2阶段PCR反应,1 st stage PCR结束后,取其反应物作2ndstagePCR,然后取2 nd PCR产物作agarose gelelectrophoresis,依DNAband之有无及片段大小来分析结果。
3.1 1st stage PCR reaction(total volume 25 ul):
3.1.1 测试样品 ( 2 ul / each )
3.1.1.1 直接取样测试细胞之培养液。
3.1.1.2 Positive control : mycoplasma DNA ( A. laidlawii ; M.pirum)
3.1.1.3 Negative control : ddH2O
3.1.2 Reaction mixture ( 23 ul / each )
3.1.2.1 10x PCR buffer (含1.5 mM MgCl2 ) 2.5 ul
3.1.2.2 1st stage primer mixture 0.5 ul
3.1.2.3 dNTP ( 1.25 mM each ) 1.0 l
3.1.2.4 MgCl2 ( 25 mM ) 0.5 ul
3.1.2.5 Taq DNA polymerase ( 5 U/ul ) 0.1 ul
3.1.2.6 ddH2O 18.4 ul
3.1.3 PCR program ( 1st PCR与2 nd PCR相同):使用PCR thermal cycler
3.1.3.1 step 1 : denaturation: 94 ℃ 30 sec
3.1.3.2 step 2 : denaturation: 94 ℃ 30 sec
3.1.3.3 step 3 : annealing: 55 ℃ 2 min
3.1.3.4 step 4 : extension: 72 ℃ 2 min
3.1.3.5 重复3.1.3.2至3.1.3.4步骤30 cycles
3.1.3.6 step 5 : final extension 72 ℃ 5 min
3.2 2 nd stage PCR reaction(total volume 25 ul)
3.2.1 测试样品:1st stage PCR product(1 ul / each)。
3.2.2 Reaction mixture ( 24 ul / each )
3.3.2.1 10x PCR buffer (含1.5 mM MgCl2 ) 2.5 ul
3.3.2.2 2 nd stage primer mixture 0.5 ul
3.3.2.3 dNTP ( 1.25 mM each ) 1.0 ul
3.3.2.4 MgCl2 ( 25 mM ) 0.5 ul
3.3.2.5 Taq DNA polymerase ( 5U/ul ) 0.1 ul
3.3.2.6 ddH2O 19.4 ul
3.2.3 PCR program同3.1.3;使用PCR thermal cycler
4.0 胶片电泳分析
4.1 胶片 (2.0%) 置备: 将2 g agarose溶于100 ml ( 1x )TAEbuffer。
4.2 电泳液:(1x) TAE buffer(Tris-acetate/EDTAelectropheresisbuffer)
4.3 选择100~500 bp DNA size Marker:取100 bp ladder Marker 5 ul (25ng/ul )
4.4 取10 ul 2 nd stage PCR產物分析,各加入2 ul ( 6x ) loading dye。
4.5 进行电泳分离100V, 25 min。
4.6 胶片染色:ethidiumbromide染色10min,H2O退染10mim。(EtBr为致癌物质,请戴手套并小心操作)
4.7 结果:使用UV light观察,并照相记录。

| Figure1 : Agarose gel electrophoresis of the 2nd -stage PCR Products fromeight commonly encountered Mycoplasma and A. laidlawii Species. (from ATCC mycoplasma detection kit) |
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| Table1 : Variations of restriction fragment lengths of the 16S-23S rRNAintergenic spacer regions of commonly encountered species ofmycoplasma. (from ATCC mycoplasma detection kit) |
| Mycoplasma species | Sizeof 2nd stage PCR product | Sizeof restriction Fragments (bp) | VspI | HindIII | ClaI | M.arginini | 236bp | 134,102 | - | - | M.fermentans | 365bp | 270,95 | 241,124 | - | M.hominis** | 236bp | 123,113 | - | 253,62 | M.hyorhinis | 315bp | - | - | - | M.oral | 290bp | 151,139 | - | - | M.pirum | 323bp | 169,154 | 285,38 | - | M.salivarium | 269bp | - | - | - | A.laidlawii | 426bp | 219,198 | - | - | | 219bp | 189,39 | - | - |
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| * Norestriction site ** When a polyacrylamide gel is used for the resolution ofamplified DNA products, a double-band product with one bpdifference may be observed for M. hominis. This feature can serveas a good indicator for differentiated M. hominis from M. arginini,which only produces a single-band DNAproduct. |